Akce
Clean Energy. Energy Saving
středa 14. března 2007 - pátek 16. března 2007 (Zahraničí)
"Clean Energy. Energy Saving" EXPO 2007 is a specialized exhibition of energy saving technologies, equipment for electric and thermal power generation using renewable energy sources, energy conversion and distribution.
Místo konání: Tashkent city, Uzbekistan; Intercontinental Hotel
Pořádá: International Exhibition Group Uzbekistan Co., http://www.ieguzexpo.com/eng/index.asp
Noila Muzafarova,
, tel.: +(998-71) 138 59 82, fax: +(998-71) 138 59 88
Podrobnosti o akci: http://www.ieguzexpo.com/eng/coming_detail_energy.asp
Exhibition outline
IEG Uzbekistan Company has an honor to inform and invite you to the coming 2nd International Exhibition “Clean Energy. Energy Saving” in Uzbekistan with support of NJSC “Uzbekenergo” and the Technology Transfer Agency.
Clean Energy. Energy Saving 2007 is specialized exhibition of energy saving technologies, equipment for eclectic and thermal power production on renewable power resources (RPR) base, power conversion and distribution.
Energy saving issues and renewable energy sources (RES) application are being emphasized for recent years in Central Asian countries including in Uzbekistan.
Clean Energy. Energy Saving Exhibition is organized with the purpose to support in forming and development of RES and energy saving technologies in Central Asian region and to bring together all efforts and achievements of interested entities for resolving above issues.
The newest advances of local and foreign techniques will be demonstrated by all types of renewable energy, small energy, energy generation and conversion, environment monitoring systems, as well as systems providing no-break and qualitative power supply.
Presented exhibition has tremendous importance in advancement of real achievements in transaction for energy saving production in fuel and energy complex as well as in oil & gas system. Thus the latest achievements by local and leading companies of the world on RPR utilizing for energy supply of oil & gas mining technological processes would be unsurpassed evidence for its enhancement.
Exhibition goal and objectives:
RENEWABLE POWER SOURCES Section
Alternative energy mastering is indispensable condition from the point of fossil recourses saving (gas, oil, coal) for future generations, environment conditions improvement, as well as considering of significant potential of RPR in Uzbekistan. In this regard holding of Clear energy. Energy Saving 2006 Exhibition was aimed to uniting of efforts and achievements in above issues implementation.
ENERGYSAVINGSection
Now day world energy activities are included in development issues to strengthening of energy sources saving. Energy saving aspects are at principal concern in the “Energy development Program in Uzbekistan”. Step-by-step energy saving policy, stipulating application of newest technologies in energy supply and efficient energy consumption, would support to decrease cost price of products (electricity charges), increase industry incomes and promote technical and economic indices of power grid. Exhibition is targeted to demonstrate above mentioned energy efficient equipment for the purpose of further application in power system of Uzbekistan.
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Section
Rapid development of new industry connected with producing of equipment, technologies and devices supporting Environment protection (EP) is urgent over the world. Presenting “Clean Energy. Energy Saving” Exhibition is aimed to define prior trends of Sustainable Development: energy (energy sources, production efficiency) and ecology. Exhibition is targeted to support implementation of environment saving issues: consistent decreasing of air and water pollution in Uzbekistan by application of resources saving and pollution free technologies, and practical experience exchange of leading companies acting in concerning fields as well.
Renewable Energy Market Review:
The power energy today is based on fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). About 90% of power comes form these materials. At the same time changes in traditional energy structure, in which oil and gas were dominant, have become necessary in recent years. For power generation other materials and means can be also used. Thus, for the recent years search of new and clean energy or alternative power resources has become increasingly relevant. The most popular and applicable worldwide non traditional and alternative power resources are follows:
- Solar power
- Wind power
- Biomass
- Wave power of World Ocean
- Tidal power
- Geo thermal energy
- Micro hydroelectric power station
The main advantages of renewable resources are presented by general occurrence of most types, inexhaustible supply and nonpolluting. In the World Energy Committee Report it was noted that non traditional RPR have tremendous potential and theoretically could provide with unlimited clean energy and improve wellbeing of more than 1,6 billion people, who have no opportunity of electric power usage. Theoretical potential of solar power coming to Earth within one year is exceeded all fossil fuels reserves for more than 10-20 times. This causes development of future energy.
Renewable energy is wide spreaded in industrial countries (USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria, Great Britain, Netherlands, Israel etc.), placing high emphasis to energy saving and environment issues. For example ЕС has stated the task of increasing the share of electric power generating from renewable sources from 13,9% in 1997 up to 22,1% in 2010.
In Japan within the framework of"70 000 solar roofs" Program (1994) household investments are subsidized to application of photo voltage installations; tax benefits and subsidies are granted to solar batteries producers, installing to house roofs. More strictly technical and ecological standards of renewable power sources application were accepted in 2002
The Laws “On electricity supply” (1991) and “On renewable power sources” (2000 ) were accepted in Germany. According to them, power grids and public utility services are obliged э to buy a power from RPS. The prices for such power were defined by the Government.
According to initiative "Millions of solar roofs” (1997) in USA the target to install 1 million PVS and solar collectors is set by 2010. Special financing from Federal Government is not allocated, however States have adopted respective laws by themselves. Within the PURPA Program enterprises are obliged to buy energy generated from renewable sources.
(Source: www.iea.org)
Renewable Power Sources application reasons
Developed countries have been actively involving in Renewable power resources (RPR) application by following causes:
Energy independence provision
Western countries recognized dependences from oil importing during oil crisis in 1973.
In the period of 1973-1975 elaboration of plans for renewable energy development was conducted. Those plans were implemented with exceeding. Currently the urgency of RPR have been increasing again due to appearance of new energy crisis (progressive reserve depletion of hydrocarbon).
Environment
Necessity of reducing of greenhouse gases emission, noted in Kioto Protocol has being considering much important. Tremendous budget means are allocated for above issues implementation and economic measures are developed for investments attraction.
Working up the world markets, developing markets in particular.
Own energy resources saving for new generations.
Increasing of raw resources consumption for non-energy fuel usage.
This issue is related mostly to oil companies, which have been mastering the alternative power resources market. Thus, British Petroleum, Royal/Dutch Shell and other oil companies giants gradually implement the new strategy through selling of old business (oil recovery and refining, filling stations) to other companies and involve in non traditional energy.
In this sector (wind, solar or geothermal power) annual increase rate is 20-30%.
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Uzbekistan: Potential and Use
Given existing consumption levels natural gas and oil reserves will allow satisfaction of Uzbekistan’s needs for another 30-40 years. However, by that time the volume of the country’s energy consumption may double, i.e. by 50 billion kWh for production of which the available hydrocarbon non-renewable energy resources are insufficient. Taking into account the necessity to adjust the use of energy carriers in future, it is necessary to clarify now the development of off-grid energy sources. In Uzbekistan they include solar energy, water resources, wind power, biomass energy.
Technical potential of solar energy annually incoming to Uzbekistan exceeds by 4 times the country’s need for energy resources, which amounted to 70 million tons of equivalent fuel (e.f.) by the beginning of current century. It was determined that energy potential of solar energy in Uzbekistan constitutes 98.5% of total renewable energy sources, and, therefore, it may become the key defining factor in the course of planning of share of renewable energy sources in the country’s energy balance. According to estimates, the gross potential of RES amounts to nearly 51 billion tons of oil equivalent, and technical potential - 177 million tons of oil equivalent. At present only 0.6 million tons of oil equivalent (0.3%) of technical potential has been utilized.
Generation o low-grade heat with further use in hot water supply systems is one of promising areas of practical application of solar energy in the country. In addition, such energy may be used for heat supply for agricultural cultivation facilities (greenhouses and hotbeds) and stock-raising facilities (milk and cash farms, etc.); drying and preserving of fruits and vegetables; sanitary and domestic needs and technological needs of production enterprises, etc.
Conversion of solar radiation energy into electric power is another application of solar energy. Maximum suitability of photovoltaic and thermodynamic energy transformation methods were taken into account in the course of selecting the prospective directions of solar energy development, because thermoelectric and thermo-ionic methods of transformation of solar energy into electric power are inferior to first two methods and are at the stage of experimental samples less prepared for practical application.
Production of solar water heating panels has already been established in Uzbekistan by enterprises such as «Qurilishgelioservis LTD», «Encom» Scientific and Production Enterprise, OJSC «Foton». There are skilled specialists in the country who perform installation and maintenance of solar water heating systems. Total area of installed collectors reaches 40 thousand sq. m, however, capacity of existing collectors is unknown. Solar collectors are installed in a number of motor-transport enterprises and medical institutions, at the facilities of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan, JSC «Uztransgas», «Uzbekistan Temir Yullari» SJSRC, Almalyk and Navoi MMCs and other objects. Substantial reduction of cost of solar photovoltaic systems has taken place in the world during recent years, and this drastically increases their economic potential.
OJSC «Foton» and Physical and Technical Institute of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan are engaged in production of photovoltaic systems (PVS) based on imported consumables. At present the aggregate capacity of PES installed in Uzbekistan doesn’t exceed 10 kW. They are placed in Kostruba village and «Ayaz Kala» Tourist Complex in Karakalpakstan, at the facilities of the JSC «Uztransgaz» and certain shepherds’ farms of the country and other facilities.
Wind Power
At present the country’s wind atlas has already been developed, according to which the gross potential of wind power is estimated at 2.2 million t.o.e. (tons of oil equivalent), and its technical potential — at 0.427 milion t.o.e. Two regions - Karakalpakstan and Tashkent Province - are suitable for wind power generation. Wind structures with capacity starting from hundreds watts to several tens of kilowatts may be used by individual consumers for various purposes (water lifting, use as stand-alone power supply, etc.). There is already practice of applying this kind of wind structures in Uzbekistan at the poultry farm in Kazakhdarya District of Karakalpakstan, experimental hybrid solar and wind facility for teleradiotransmission station is operating near Charvak Town of Tashkent Province. Application of such technology for local power supply is of high importance for remote and hardly accessible districts where installation of power transmission lines is not economically feasible.
According to local specialists’ estimates, lack of opportunity to fully assess the technical potential of prospective districts due to lack of network of meteorological stations equipped with modern data collection and registration system is main reasons that restrains wide application of wind power in the country.
Hydroenergy
Potential of water energy resources in Uzbekistan is estimated at 88.5 billion kWh (including technical potential — 27.4 billion kWh), of which only 25% is currently being utilized. Full utilization of hydropower potential will allow to meet the country’s growing needs during 10-15 years provided that current production capacity of the existing power stations is maintained. In addition, hydroelectric stations can increase power generation within few minutes, if necessary, covering urgent needs in power.
At the same time, substantial investments are needed for hydropower development in the country. Thus, according to experts’ estimates, completion of the second phase of the Talimardjan Hydropower Station Construction Project is the most promising one. Estimated capital investments are equal to USD 1.2 billion. However, such financial opportunities may appear only by 2010. (Central Asia: Survey of Regional Potential for Power Exports. - World Bank, 2004).
With the view of ensuring energy supply to remote mountainous settlements, construction of small hydropower stations is planned. Development of the «Scheme of Use of Hydropower Potential of Natural Water Flows of the Republic of Uzbekistan by 2010» which will create basis for similar projects is planned to be completed during this year.
Biomass Energy
Uzbekistan has technical potential of biomass energy in amount of 0.3 million t.o.e. Biomass utilization, generation and use of biogas is a promising direction of energy. According to the specialists’ estimates, energy generated from biomass may satisfy 15-19% of energy needs of Uzbekistan. Such method of energy production will also resolve to certain extent the environmental protection issues, will provide the country’s agriculture with high quality fertilizers. Biogas installations have already been tested at certain poultry farms and stock-breeding complexes.
At present the «Assistance to Biogas Technologies Development in Uzbekistan» Project aimed at biogas production based on use of stock breeding waste is being implemented with support of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, UNDP and Thematic Trust Fund for Energy and Environment.
Energy Resources of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is one of few countries which is fully self-sufficient in energy resources. Substantial reserves of traditional energy sources ensure the country’s current energy independence by allowing also exports of energy carriers.
Needs of sustainable economic growth given growing international competition are setting new requirements to development of the country’s fuel and energy complex. Attraction of investments and new technologies into oil gas and electric power sectors is the priority goal of the sector development for medium-term outlook.
Water Energy Resources
Uzbekistan is covered by two large river systems - Amudarya and Syrdarya. Most of hydropower stations (HPS) in Uzbekistan are located on the Syrdarya River and its branches. At present 30 HPSs of Uzbekistan with total capacity of 1684 MW generate up to 6.4 billion kWh of energy annually. At the same time only 30% of existing water energy resources of large rivers in the country is being utilized. In addition to large rivers, there is quite huge potential of small rivers, irrigation canals and water reservoirs, which hydropower potential is estimated at capacity of 1760 MW and up to 8 billion kWh energy generation annually; however this potential is currently remaining unutilized. Thus, total hydropower potential of Uzbekistan is equal to 7445 MW of capacity with generation of 26.7 billion kWh of energy annually, of which only 23% is currently being utilized. There is a huge potential in Uzbekistan for so called ‘small’ hydropower which is currently utilized only by 3.2%. Conducted surveys determined the possibility of generation of up to 8 billion kWh of energy annually at small HPS’s.
Uzbekistan’s power sector is the country’s basic economic branch, and, by having substantial production and scientific and technical potential, has considerable impact on development of whole national economic complex.
Uzbek energy system meets completely the needs of the country’s national economy and population for energy. Production of electric power in the country has increased by more than threefold over the last 30 years. Uzbekistan has become the largest energy power in the Central Asian region. Nowadays thermal power stations of Uzbekistan ensure nearly 35% of electric power output.
Uzbekistan’s energy system is equipped with modern technological equipment and has more than 11 million kW of installed capacity of 39 power stations with potential possibility of production of electric power in amount of 55 billion kWh.
Electric network resources include more than 234 thousand km of transmission lines of all voltage classes and approximately 46 million kVA of transformer capacities.
All turbo- and hydrogenerators of the energy system are equipped with automated driving systems: electric machine, high frequency and thyristor systems. Readiness ratio of devices is equal to 98%. All 28 HPSs are equipped with technological automated control of hydrodevices which is continuously operated.
Wide attraction of foreign investments and participation of leading foreign firms is envisaged under the «Program for Development and Reconstruction of Generating Capacities in Energy Sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2001-2010». Siemens has carried out reconstruction of two 300MW energy blocks of Syrdarya Thermoelectric Station on account of the EBRD loan. Foreign investments will also be attracted for implementation of projects of reconstruction of Tashkent, Navoi Thermoelectric Stations, Mubarek and Tashkent Combined Heat Power Station, as well as for reconstruction of electric network resources and modernization of cable networks of Tashkent City.
Condensation Power Block #1 of Talimardjan Thermoelectric Station with capacity of 800 MW was commissioned for operation in 2004. In the long-term outlook, in addition to undertaking measures for stabilization of existing equipment, active introduction of new technologies of production of electric and thermal power based on wide introduction of steam and gas technologies of energy production recognized as the most effective and economically viable all around the world is also planned. Construction of steam and gas devices at Tashkent and Navoi Thermoelectric Stations, as well as at Tashkent and Mubarek Combined Heat Power Station will be started in near future. Total capacity of SGD planned for commissioning in Uzbek energy system by 2010 will amount nearly 900 MW. Their introduction will contribute to substantial reduction of man-caused pressure of energy production on the environment; will allow increasing the effective use of natural fuel. Saving of more than 400 thousand t.o.e. of fuel will be achieved through modernization and quality repairs of main and auxiliary equipment.
Statutory Framework for Energy Saving Policy in Uzbekistan
- The Law «On Rational Use of Energy» (1997) aimed at formation of legal basis for energy use that ensures preservation of national energy resources, effective use of energy and production potential of enterprises;
- «Main Directions of Energy Strategy of Uzbekistan for the Period up to 2010» (1995) where main priorities of energy policy are specified (see below).
- «Program for Energy Development up to 2010» - framework document of sector subprograms of development in energy, oil and gas industries (1999)
- Long-term programs of development of Power Sector and Coal Industry till 2010 (2001)
Priorities of Energy Policy
- Sustainable provision of all economic spheres with fuel and energy resources with priority provision of social needs through creation of reliable raw material base and support of strategically important branches, sufficient development of mining, processing, transport, distribution energy systems.
- Increase of effectiveness of use of energy resources, creation of necessary conditions for implementation of energy saving measures that ensure maintaining of the country’s energy independence and increase of export potential.
- Ensuring of economically justified diversification of power supply sources aimed at increasing of share of coal fuel, use of renewable, including non-traditional energy sources, development of small energy midget hydropower engineering.
- Maintenance of financial stability of energy sector and attraction of additional investments to its branches.
- Development of statutory and legal base and improvement of financial and taxation system that take into account the pricing features and interrelation of energy sector with adjacent industries.
- Gradual formation of competitive environment through combination of methods of direct and indirect state regulation of energy sphere, formation of state regulated energy market.
- Establishment valuable subjects of energy market and market infrastructure.
- The draft Law «On Electric Power Industry» is under development stage.
A number of state programs for saving of energy resources and energy saving are being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Key measures include those related to control of spending of gas, electric power, cold and hot water. With this purpose, the Government has undertaken the resolution on compulsory installation of gas, cold and hot water meters.
Introduction of integrated computer systems of accounting of electric power consumption which ensure distance control of volume of energy consumed, timely and complete effect of payments, is planned at the enterprises of the SJSC «Uzbekenergo». More than 90 thousand modern power meters have already been installed, adjustment and test operation of automated power accounting systems at Navoi Thermoelectric Station, Tashkent Combined heat Power Station, Charvak Hydropower Station and others are being implemented; and introduction of local accounting systems among domestic consumers of certain districts of Tashkent City has already been started.
The Energy Saving Program of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Period up to 2010 determines main directions of energy saving measures (small cost, quickly recovering, with recoupment period of 3-4 and 5-7 years). Substantial savings of fuel and energy resources in the Republic of Uzbekistan as a whole is expected through conduction of such measures.
Need for Energy Saving Technologies
Uzbek economy is characterized by high level of energy intensity and production losses of fuel and energy resources at all stages of their production. Thus, index of energy intensity of GDP unit in 2000 was equal to 1.16 t.o.e. /USD 1000. (For comparison— in the USA this indicator amounts to 0.16). Huge energy saving potential implementation of which would contribute to stimulation of economic growth and reduction of ecological tension, has accumulated in the country. First of all, such implementation is based on organization of strict and effective accounting and control of spending of fuel and energy resources, as well as modernization and renewal of equipment in the spheres of energy production, transformation and transportation.
In order to determine potential opportunities for energy saving by each type of energy at enterprise level, it is necessary to develop a set of energy saving measures aimed at elimination of detected drawbacks and increase of effectiveness of energy use in certain sites, recommendations for introduction of metering and control devices at the enterprise, and the enterprise’s energy program. There is need for the following equipment and devices for implementation of said energy saving measures:
- Technologies for combining the production of thermal electric power
- Gas turbine devices (for combined heat power plants, boiler-rooms, etc.)
- Automated Energy Control and Metering System devices and equipment
- Energy saving illumination lamps for home use.
- Contact and non-contact thermometers
- Portable ultrasound flow-meters
- Gas velocity/spending meters, manometers/vacuum-gauges
- Recorders of quality and quantity of electric power consumed, optical readers of supply meter indicators
- Detector of smoke (soot) in combustion gases
- Consumed (discharged) water quality meters,
- Illumination, relativehumiditygages
- Electronic data storage (compatible with computer),
- Thermal imager for detection of heat losses through the equipment thermoinsulation
- Electronicgasanalyzers
- Ultrasoundfluidflow-meters
- Detectors of gas and steam leakages
- ACS (automatic control systems) for regulation of electric power consumption (controlled-velocity electric drive)
- Electricpowerqualitymeters
Ecological Situation in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is situated in the center of the Eurasian continent, and 80% of its territory consists of deserts and semi-deserts, including the Kyzylkums, the largest desert in Central Asia. From the south and south-east it is surrounded by Tien-Shan and Gyssar-Alay mountain systems characterized by high seismicity and occupy nearly 20$ of the country’s territory. Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, that flow into the Aral Sea and whose substantial part also is situated on the country’s territory, form the main water-ways. Rivers are mainly refilled on account of snow melting in the mountains situated in neighboring states. By flowing along the wide and flat plains the rivers allow intensive use of these plains for irrigated farming. In general, the country’s climate is subtropical, sharp continental with substantial seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations.
Specific features of natural and climatic conditions, placement and structure of production forces of Uzbekistan require payment of increased attention to ecology here. Thus, due to its geographical and climatic features, Uzbekistan is seriously affected by negative ecological factors, especially, due to fragility of arid ecosystems and scarcity of water resources. Arable lands whose area is fully irrigated form only 11% of the country’s total territory, and opportunities for their expansion are limited. This means that adverse impact of ecological factors is reflected on resources of agricultural lands. In addition, Uzbekistan is strongly dependent on neighboring countries in terms of water resources.
Among the environmental problems, the following are of highest importance for Uzbekistan’s territory:
- Aral Sea crisis
- Insufficient drinking water supply for population
- Pollution of surface and ground waters
- Salinity and degradation of soils
- Air pollution
- Accumulation of solid waste
- Pollution of foodstuffs
- Disturbance of ecosystems and their increased exposure to natural disasters and man’s impact
- Reduction of biodiversity
Uzbekistan’s economy as stability of its environment is strongly dependent on availability and quality of water resources. Analysis has detected three main problems related to water supply:
- lack of water resources which has become vital issue not only from the ecological standpoint, but also in socio-economic context (UNDP. Human Development Report, 1999. Uzbekistan 2000);
- increased water mineralization and salinity of agricultural lands;
- pollution of drinking water sources.
Summary
Excess diversion of water resources for economy’s and population’s needs, large-scale pollution of environment by production and domestic wastes are result of presence of resource-incentive productions (irrigated farming, large capacity chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy) and ineffective technologies within the sectoral structure. This leads to substantial over-expenditure per capita and per GDP unit. Thus, according to published data, actual water and natural gas consumption by population exceeds the established norms by 2-3 times and 1.5-2 times, respectively. In this connection, reduction of pressure on environment by means of modernization of energy- and resource-intensive productions, introduction of low-waste and wasteless technologies, ensuring of rational nature management is the priority direction of nature conservation activity. This will allow achieving the position when natural environment is not destroyed irreversibly but preserves its reproductive ability.
Insistent need for reforming the agriculture and industry and creating the effective stimuli for achievement of rational and sustainable use of natural resources has become imminent. Agricultural reforms and introduction of improved water resources management system should become the key to improvement of ecological situation in rural regions (EBRD. Strategy for Uzbekistan, 2003)
Environmental Protection (EP) Measures and Projects of Uzbekistan
A number of complex measures have been developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the EP, including the following:
- environmental legislation currently in force and National Action Plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Environmental Protection (NEPAP), ecological assessment and audit – legal basis for the EP;
- conduction of monitoring of environmental components and pollution sources – monitoring of environmental conditions. (The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan approved the Environmental Monitoring Program for 2003-2005 for implementation of which budgetary resources in amount of USD 5,986thousand and proceeds of the National Environmental Protection Fund in amount of USD 62.4 thousand were allocated)
- Hygienic and sanitary, and scientific and technical standards – they assist in assessment of environmental conditions;
- Set of technical, technological and organizational measures for prevention and reduction of hazardous emissions (discharges) to the environment;
- Control and inspection bodies that conduct direct control and protection of environment and are in charge of their compliance.
With the view of performing obligations under signed international Conventions and protocols of EP, the following is implemented in Uzbekistan:
National Programs:
- NationalProgramforTerminationofUseofOzone-DestroyingAgents
- Uzbekistan – CountryStudyofClimateChange
- National Action Plan for Fighting against Desertification
- National Strategy and Action Plan for Preservation of Biodiversity- West Tien-Shan Transboundary Biodiversity Preservation Project (based on the Global Ecological Fund grant in amount of USD 10 million. Executing agency – State Committee for Nature Protection)
- AralSeaBasinProject
- Joint TACIS-CEC Ecological Program for Resolving the Aral Sea Crisis
- NEPAP
Following EP projects have been implemented in Uzbekistan:
- Air Pollution Control at Industrial Enterprises (US Government grant in amount of USD 100 thousand)
- Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Project in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm Oblast (Loans by the KFAED and KredianstaltfurWiederaufbau)
- Tashkent Solid Waste Management Project (EBRD loan and Tashkent City Municipality)
UNDP projects:
- Assistance to Development of Biogas Technologies in Uzbekistan (UNDP and Tashkent Oblast Municipality)
- Development of Ecological Indicators System for Monitoring of Environmental Conditions in Uzbekistan
- Development of the National Strategy for Waste Management and the First Five-Year Action Plan in Uzbekistan
- Achievement of Ecosystem Stability on the Dry Bed of the Aral Sea and Kyzylkum Desert in Uzbekistan
Implementation of the following projects and works is anticipated in near future:
- Drainage, Irrigation and Wetlands Improvement Phase-I Project (World Bank)
- Reconstruction of Treatment Plants of the Djambay Milling and Meat-Packing Plants, Kattakurgan Fat-and-Oil Factory, Bulungur Winery
- Expansion of Biochemical Treatment Plants of the “Navoiazot” Production Association
- Construction of the Recycling Water Supply System at the Navoi Hydroelectric Power Station
- Gradual Reconstruction of Sewage System, Commissioning of the Third Phase of the Treatment Plants of Samarkand City.
Legislative Framework in the Area of Environmental Protection in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan’s legislation in the sphere of environmental protection includes nearly 80 laws and resolutions which govern the use of natural resources and impact of economic activity on environment.
The following documents had been developed and adopted: National Sustainable Development Strategy and National Action Plan for Environmental Protection. In addition, within the framework of international conventions Uzbekistan has also developed the National Action Plan for Combat Desertification, First National Report on UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation.
Statutory acts on EP:
- Law “On Rational Use of Energy “ (1997);
- Law “On Protection and Use of Flora” (1997);
- Law “On Specifically Protected Natural Territories” (1993);
- Law “On Radiation Safety” (2000);
- Law “On Forest” (1999);
- Law “On Ecological Assessment” (2000);
- Law “On Protection and Use of Fauna” (1997);
- Law “On Nature Protection” (1992);
- Law “On Water and Water Use” (1993)
- Law “On Waste Products” (2002)
- Order of Calculation and Payment of Fee for Emission (Discharge” of Polluting Agents into the Environment and Placement of Waste Products on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Budget (2000);
- Resolution #469 dated October 20, 1999 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan ”On the Program for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1999-2005”
- Resolution #389 dated October 9, 2000 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Issues of Implementation of the Action Plan for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1999-2005”
State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Interdepartmental Steering Committee as well as a number of other competent bodies in charge of monitoring and improvement of ecological situation in the country have been established and are actively functioning.
State Strategy and Support of Nature Conservation Activity
The following are the main directions of the strategy for rational nature management and rehabilitation of destroyed ecosystems with the view of creation of conditions for the country’s sustainable development:
- Improvement and development of economic mechanism of nature management with adequate institutional support (improvement of standards and norms, ecological control, assessment, legislation, introduction of ecological audit, etc.);
- State regulation of nature management under market conditions, search for compromises between the requirements of economic growth and ecology;
- Stimulation of nature conservation activity based on the purposeful tax and budgetary policies;
- Creation of healthy environment for people’s habitation;
- Development of systems of natural complexes of recreational and resort and health purposes;
- Prevention and reduction of hazardous impact of natural phenomena, technological accidents and catastrophes;
- Recovery (rehabilitation) of disturbed ecosystems in bad regions of the country;
- Resolution of global ecological problems (conservation of biodiversity, protection of ozone layer, Aral Sea).
Introduction of economical mechanism into nature management is the main tool pf economic measures for ensuring the rational use of natural resources and nature protection.
At present creation of a comprehensive system of economic management and regulation of nature management has been started in the country. Fees for excess environmental pollution – excess emissions, discharges of polluting agents and placement of waste products had been introduced. Thus, effective from May 1, 2003 compensation payments for environmental pollution and waste placement on the country’s territory have been introduced.
Local and national extra-budgetary funds for nature protection have been established.
Legal and physical entities engaged in development and introduction of technologies aimed at reduction of waste generation and their utilization, establishment of enterprises and shops for production of equipment for waste recycling, participation in financing of measures for waste recycling and reduction of their generation, enjoy privileges in accordance with legislation.
Measures for waste recycling and reduction their generation are financed on account of waste owners. Proceeds of nature protection funds, extra-budgetary funds, voluntary contributions of legal and physical entities as well as proceeds of the State budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan may be attracted for financing of such measures (from the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Waste Products” (2002)
Existing principles of the EP policy and incentives for creation and support of nature management activity both at national and enterprise level require introduction and use of the following types of modern technologies and equipment:
- Water saving technologies
- Advanced water treatment technologies
- Biologicaldrainagetechnologies
- Technologiesandequipmentforindustrialanddomesticwastecollection, processingandrecycling
- Ecologicalcontrolanddiagnosticsdevicesandsystems
- Energy and resource saving, low waste and non-waste technologies
Exhibition will be presented by following sectors:
1. Energy installations:
- Diesel, gas-turbine, gas generator plants
- Combined
- Heating pumps
- Based on new principles of power production
- Thermo power plant
2. Energy saving:
- Energy saving technologies, equipment and materials for industry and civil objects, in engineering system and building
- Energy resources recording devices and systems
- Energy audit
- ASCRE (automatic systems for commercial recording of energy)
- Energy saving and resources saving pollution free technologies
3. Electric power conversion and storage:
- Accumulator, electric battery and elements
- Power plants
- Power transformers
- Double-current generator
- Distribution, electric & heating power transmission: high & low voltage gears
- Pipe lines and fixtures. Cable-conducting production. Complex transformer substation , dielectrics
4. Environment protection:
- Ecological control and diagnostic devices and systems
- Industry and domestic wastes treatment and processing
- Environment monitoring and audit
- Energy saving and resources saving pollution free technologies
5. Renewable power recourses:
Small hydro energy
- Turbines and generators for small and micro hydroelectric power stations
Solar power:
- Photoelectric converters and power supply systems
- Solar panels, heating systems & hot-water supply on its base
Wind power:
- Autonomic, net and combined wind mills, supporting equipment
Geothermal power and heating pumps:
- Geothermal heating power stations
- Heating pumps and installations
Biomass energy:
- Bio fuel producing and environmental free organic fertilizers producing installations
- Biogas and bio energy modules and installations
New technologies and equipment for renewable and small energy
Official support:
Exhibition is officially supported by:
• Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan
• “Uzbekenergo” SJSC
• Ministry of the agriculture and water management of the Republic of Uzbekistan
• NHC “Uzbekneftegaz”
Datum uveřejnění: 16.10.2006
Poslední změna: 16.10.2006
Počet shlédnutí: 2072
Clean Energy. Energy Saving
středa 14. března 2007 - pátek 16. března 2007 (Zahraničí)
"Clean Energy. Energy Saving" EXPO 2007 is a specialized exhibition of energy saving technologies, equipment for electric and thermal power generation using renewable energy sources, energy conversion and distribution.
Místo konání: Tashkent city, Uzbekistan; Intercontinental Hotel
Pořádá: International Exhibition Group Uzbekistan Co., http://www.ieguzexpo.com/eng/index.asp
Noila Muzafarova,
, tel.: +(998-71) 138 59 82, fax: +(998-71) 138 59 88
Podrobnosti o akci: http://www.ieguzexpo.com/eng/coming_detail_energy.asp
Exhibition outline
IEG Uzbekistan Company has an honor to inform and invite you to the coming 2nd International Exhibition “Clean Energy. Energy Saving” in Uzbekistan with support of NJSC “Uzbekenergo” and the Technology Transfer Agency.
Clean Energy. Energy Saving 2007 is specialized exhibition of energy saving technologies, equipment for eclectic and thermal power production on renewable power resources (RPR) base, power conversion and distribution.
Energy saving issues and renewable energy sources (RES) application are being emphasized for recent years in Central Asian countries including in Uzbekistan.
Clean Energy. Energy Saving Exhibition is organized with the purpose to support in forming and development of RES and energy saving technologies in Central Asian region and to bring together all efforts and achievements of interested entities for resolving above issues.
The newest advances of local and foreign techniques will be demonstrated by all types of renewable energy, small energy, energy generation and conversion, environment monitoring systems, as well as systems providing no-break and qualitative power supply.
Presented exhibition has tremendous importance in advancement of real achievements in transaction for energy saving production in fuel and energy complex as well as in oil & gas system. Thus the latest achievements by local and leading companies of the world on RPR utilizing for energy supply of oil & gas mining technological processes would be unsurpassed evidence for its enhancement.
Exhibition goal and objectives:
RENEWABLE POWER SOURCES Section
Alternative energy mastering is indispensable condition from the point of fossil recourses saving (gas, oil, coal) for future generations, environment conditions improvement, as well as considering of significant potential of RPR in Uzbekistan. In this regard holding of Clear energy. Energy Saving 2006 Exhibition was aimed to uniting of efforts and achievements in above issues implementation.
ENERGYSAVINGSection
Now day world energy activities are included in development issues to strengthening of energy sources saving. Energy saving aspects are at principal concern in the “Energy development Program in Uzbekistan”. Step-by-step energy saving policy, stipulating application of newest technologies in energy supply and efficient energy consumption, would support to decrease cost price of products (electricity charges), increase industry incomes and promote technical and economic indices of power grid. Exhibition is targeted to demonstrate above mentioned energy efficient equipment for the purpose of further application in power system of Uzbekistan.
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Section
Rapid development of new industry connected with producing of equipment, technologies and devices supporting Environment protection (EP) is urgent over the world. Presenting “Clean Energy. Energy Saving” Exhibition is aimed to define prior trends of Sustainable Development: energy (energy sources, production efficiency) and ecology. Exhibition is targeted to support implementation of environment saving issues: consistent decreasing of air and water pollution in Uzbekistan by application of resources saving and pollution free technologies, and practical experience exchange of leading companies acting in concerning fields as well.
Renewable Energy Market Review:
The power energy today is based on fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). About 90% of power comes form these materials. At the same time changes in traditional energy structure, in which oil and gas were dominant, have become necessary in recent years. For power generation other materials and means can be also used. Thus, for the recent years search of new and clean energy or alternative power resources has become increasingly relevant. The most popular and applicable worldwide non traditional and alternative power resources are follows:
- Solar power
- Wind power
- Biomass
- Wave power of World Ocean
- Tidal power
- Geo thermal energy
- Micro hydroelectric power station
The main advantages of renewable resources are presented by general occurrence of most types, inexhaustible supply and nonpolluting. In the World Energy Committee Report it was noted that non traditional RPR have tremendous potential and theoretically could provide with unlimited clean energy and improve wellbeing of more than 1,6 billion people, who have no opportunity of electric power usage. Theoretical potential of solar power coming to Earth within one year is exceeded all fossil fuels reserves for more than 10-20 times. This causes development of future energy.
Renewable energy is wide spreaded in industrial countries (USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria, Great Britain, Netherlands, Israel etc.), placing high emphasis to energy saving and environment issues. For example ЕС has stated the task of increasing the share of electric power generating from renewable sources from 13,9% in 1997 up to 22,1% in 2010.
In Japan within the framework of"70 000 solar roofs" Program (1994) household investments are subsidized to application of photo voltage installations; tax benefits and subsidies are granted to solar batteries producers, installing to house roofs. More strictly technical and ecological standards of renewable power sources application were accepted in 2002
The Laws “On electricity supply” (1991) and “On renewable power sources” (2000 ) were accepted in Germany. According to them, power grids and public utility services are obliged э to buy a power from RPS. The prices for such power were defined by the Government.
According to initiative "Millions of solar roofs” (1997) in USA the target to install 1 million PVS and solar collectors is set by 2010. Special financing from Federal Government is not allocated, however States have adopted respective laws by themselves. Within the PURPA Program enterprises are obliged to buy energy generated from renewable sources.
(Source: www.iea.org)
Renewable Power Sources application reasons
Developed countries have been actively involving in Renewable power resources (RPR) application by following causes:
Energy independence provision
Western countries recognized dependences from oil importing during oil crisis in 1973.
In the period of 1973-1975 elaboration of plans for renewable energy development was conducted. Those plans were implemented with exceeding. Currently the urgency of RPR have been increasing again due to appearance of new energy crisis (progressive reserve depletion of hydrocarbon).
Environment
Necessity of reducing of greenhouse gases emission, noted in Kioto Protocol has being considering much important. Tremendous budget means are allocated for above issues implementation and economic measures are developed for investments attraction.
Working up the world markets, developing markets in particular.
Own energy resources saving for new generations.
Increasing of raw resources consumption for non-energy fuel usage.
This issue is related mostly to oil companies, which have been mastering the alternative power resources market. Thus, British Petroleum, Royal/Dutch Shell and other oil companies giants gradually implement the new strategy through selling of old business (oil recovery and refining, filling stations) to other companies and involve in non traditional energy.
In this sector (wind, solar or geothermal power) annual increase rate is 20-30%.
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Uzbekistan: Potential and Use
Given existing consumption levels natural gas and oil reserves will allow satisfaction of Uzbekistan’s needs for another 30-40 years. However, by that time the volume of the country’s energy consumption may double, i.e. by 50 billion kWh for production of which the available hydrocarbon non-renewable energy resources are insufficient. Taking into account the necessity to adjust the use of energy carriers in future, it is necessary to clarify now the development of off-grid energy sources. In Uzbekistan they include solar energy, water resources, wind power, biomass energy.
Technical potential of solar energy annually incoming to Uzbekistan exceeds by 4 times the country’s need for energy resources, which amounted to 70 million tons of equivalent fuel (e.f.) by the beginning of current century. It was determined that energy potential of solar energy in Uzbekistan constitutes 98.5% of total renewable energy sources, and, therefore, it may become the key defining factor in the course of planning of share of renewable energy sources in the country’s energy balance. According to estimates, the gross potential of RES amounts to nearly 51 billion tons of oil equivalent, and technical potential - 177 million tons of oil equivalent. At present only 0.6 million tons of oil equivalent (0.3%) of technical potential has been utilized.
Generation o low-grade heat with further use in hot water supply systems is one of promising areas of practical application of solar energy in the country. In addition, such energy may be used for heat supply for agricultural cultivation facilities (greenhouses and hotbeds) and stock-raising facilities (milk and cash farms, etc.); drying and preserving of fruits and vegetables; sanitary and domestic needs and technological needs of production enterprises, etc.
Conversion of solar radiation energy into electric power is another application of solar energy. Maximum suitability of photovoltaic and thermodynamic energy transformation methods were taken into account in the course of selecting the prospective directions of solar energy development, because thermoelectric and thermo-ionic methods of transformation of solar energy into electric power are inferior to first two methods and are at the stage of experimental samples less prepared for practical application.
Production of solar water heating panels has already been established in Uzbekistan by enterprises such as «Qurilishgelioservis LTD», «Encom» Scientific and Production Enterprise, OJSC «Foton». There are skilled specialists in the country who perform installation and maintenance of solar water heating systems. Total area of installed collectors reaches 40 thousand sq. m, however, capacity of existing collectors is unknown. Solar collectors are installed in a number of motor-transport enterprises and medical institutions, at the facilities of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan, JSC «Uztransgas», «Uzbekistan Temir Yullari» SJSRC, Almalyk and Navoi MMCs and other objects. Substantial reduction of cost of solar photovoltaic systems has taken place in the world during recent years, and this drastically increases their economic potential.
OJSC «Foton» and Physical and Technical Institute of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan are engaged in production of photovoltaic systems (PVS) based on imported consumables. At present the aggregate capacity of PES installed in Uzbekistan doesn’t exceed 10 kW. They are placed in Kostruba village and «Ayaz Kala» Tourist Complex in Karakalpakstan, at the facilities of the JSC «Uztransgaz» and certain shepherds’ farms of the country and other facilities.
Wind Power
At present the country’s wind atlas has already been developed, according to which the gross potential of wind power is estimated at 2.2 million t.o.e. (tons of oil equivalent), and its technical potential — at 0.427 milion t.o.e. Two regions - Karakalpakstan and Tashkent Province - are suitable for wind power generation. Wind structures with capacity starting from hundreds watts to several tens of kilowatts may be used by individual consumers for various purposes (water lifting, use as stand-alone power supply, etc.). There is already practice of applying this kind of wind structures in Uzbekistan at the poultry farm in Kazakhdarya District of Karakalpakstan, experimental hybrid solar and wind facility for teleradiotransmission station is operating near Charvak Town of Tashkent Province. Application of such technology for local power supply is of high importance for remote and hardly accessible districts where installation of power transmission lines is not economically feasible.
According to local specialists’ estimates, lack of opportunity to fully assess the technical potential of prospective districts due to lack of network of meteorological stations equipped with modern data collection and registration system is main reasons that restrains wide application of wind power in the country.
Hydroenergy
Potential of water energy resources in Uzbekistan is estimated at 88.5 billion kWh (including technical potential — 27.4 billion kWh), of which only 25% is currently being utilized. Full utilization of hydropower potential will allow to meet the country’s growing needs during 10-15 years provided that current production capacity of the existing power stations is maintained. In addition, hydroelectric stations can increase power generation within few minutes, if necessary, covering urgent needs in power.
At the same time, substantial investments are needed for hydropower development in the country. Thus, according to experts’ estimates, completion of the second phase of the Talimardjan Hydropower Station Construction Project is the most promising one. Estimated capital investments are equal to USD 1.2 billion. However, such financial opportunities may appear only by 2010. (Central Asia: Survey of Regional Potential for Power Exports. - World Bank, 2004).
With the view of ensuring energy supply to remote mountainous settlements, construction of small hydropower stations is planned. Development of the «Scheme of Use of Hydropower Potential of Natural Water Flows of the Republic of Uzbekistan by 2010» which will create basis for similar projects is planned to be completed during this year.
Biomass Energy
Uzbekistan has technical potential of biomass energy in amount of 0.3 million t.o.e. Biomass utilization, generation and use of biogas is a promising direction of energy. According to the specialists’ estimates, energy generated from biomass may satisfy 15-19% of energy needs of Uzbekistan. Such method of energy production will also resolve to certain extent the environmental protection issues, will provide the country’s agriculture with high quality fertilizers. Biogas installations have already been tested at certain poultry farms and stock-breeding complexes.
At present the «Assistance to Biogas Technologies Development in Uzbekistan» Project aimed at biogas production based on use of stock breeding waste is being implemented with support of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, UNDP and Thematic Trust Fund for Energy and Environment.
Energy Resources of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is one of few countries which is fully self-sufficient in energy resources. Substantial reserves of traditional energy sources ensure the country’s current energy independence by allowing also exports of energy carriers.
Needs of sustainable economic growth given growing international competition are setting new requirements to development of the country’s fuel and energy complex. Attraction of investments and new technologies into oil gas and electric power sectors is the priority goal of the sector development for medium-term outlook.
Water Energy Resources
Uzbekistan is covered by two large river systems - Amudarya and Syrdarya. Most of hydropower stations (HPS) in Uzbekistan are located on the Syrdarya River and its branches. At present 30 HPSs of Uzbekistan with total capacity of 1684 MW generate up to 6.4 billion kWh of energy annually. At the same time only 30% of existing water energy resources of large rivers in the country is being utilized. In addition to large rivers, there is quite huge potential of small rivers, irrigation canals and water reservoirs, which hydropower potential is estimated at capacity of 1760 MW and up to 8 billion kWh energy generation annually; however this potential is currently remaining unutilized. Thus, total hydropower potential of Uzbekistan is equal to 7445 MW of capacity with generation of 26.7 billion kWh of energy annually, of which only 23% is currently being utilized. There is a huge potential in Uzbekistan for so called ‘small’ hydropower which is currently utilized only by 3.2%. Conducted surveys determined the possibility of generation of up to 8 billion kWh of energy annually at small HPS’s.
Uzbekistan’s power sector is the country’s basic economic branch, and, by having substantial production and scientific and technical potential, has considerable impact on development of whole national economic complex.
Uzbek energy system meets completely the needs of the country’s national economy and population for energy. Production of electric power in the country has increased by more than threefold over the last 30 years. Uzbekistan has become the largest energy power in the Central Asian region. Nowadays thermal power stations of Uzbekistan ensure nearly 35% of electric power output.
Uzbekistan’s energy system is equipped with modern technological equipment and has more than 11 million kW of installed capacity of 39 power stations with potential possibility of production of electric power in amount of 55 billion kWh.
Electric network resources include more than 234 thousand km of transmission lines of all voltage classes and approximately 46 million kVA of transformer capacities.
All turbo- and hydrogenerators of the energy system are equipped with automated driving systems: electric machine, high frequency and thyristor systems. Readiness ratio of devices is equal to 98%. All 28 HPSs are equipped with technological automated control of hydrodevices which is continuously operated.
Wide attraction of foreign investments and participation of leading foreign firms is envisaged under the «Program for Development and Reconstruction of Generating Capacities in Energy Sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2001-2010». Siemens has carried out reconstruction of two 300MW energy blocks of Syrdarya Thermoelectric Station on account of the EBRD loan. Foreign investments will also be attracted for implementation of projects of reconstruction of Tashkent, Navoi Thermoelectric Stations, Mubarek and Tashkent Combined Heat Power Station, as well as for reconstruction of electric network resources and modernization of cable networks of Tashkent City.
Condensation Power Block #1 of Talimardjan Thermoelectric Station with capacity of 800 MW was commissioned for operation in 2004. In the long-term outlook, in addition to undertaking measures for stabilization of existing equipment, active introduction of new technologies of production of electric and thermal power based on wide introduction of steam and gas technologies of energy production recognized as the most effective and economically viable all around the world is also planned. Construction of steam and gas devices at Tashkent and Navoi Thermoelectric Stations, as well as at Tashkent and Mubarek Combined Heat Power Station will be started in near future. Total capacity of SGD planned for commissioning in Uzbek energy system by 2010 will amount nearly 900 MW. Their introduction will contribute to substantial reduction of man-caused pressure of energy production on the environment; will allow increasing the effective use of natural fuel. Saving of more than 400 thousand t.o.e. of fuel will be achieved through modernization and quality repairs of main and auxiliary equipment.
Statutory Framework for Energy Saving Policy in Uzbekistan
- The Law «On Rational Use of Energy» (1997) aimed at formation of legal basis for energy use that ensures preservation of national energy resources, effective use of energy and production potential of enterprises;
- «Main Directions of Energy Strategy of Uzbekistan for the Period up to 2010» (1995) where main priorities of energy policy are specified (see below).
- «Program for Energy Development up to 2010» - framework document of sector subprograms of development in energy, oil and gas industries (1999)
- Long-term programs of development of Power Sector and Coal Industry till 2010 (2001)
Priorities of Energy Policy
- Sustainable provision of all economic spheres with fuel and energy resources with priority provision of social needs through creation of reliable raw material base and support of strategically important branches, sufficient development of mining, processing, transport, distribution energy systems.
- Increase of effectiveness of use of energy resources, creation of necessary conditions for implementation of energy saving measures that ensure maintaining of the country’s energy independence and increase of export potential.
- Ensuring of economically justified diversification of power supply sources aimed at increasing of share of coal fuel, use of renewable, including non-traditional energy sources, development of small energy midget hydropower engineering.
- Maintenance of financial stability of energy sector and attraction of additional investments to its branches.
- Development of statutory and legal base and improvement of financial and taxation system that take into account the pricing features and interrelation of energy sector with adjacent industries.
- Gradual formation of competitive environment through combination of methods of direct and indirect state regulation of energy sphere, formation of state regulated energy market.
- Establishment valuable subjects of energy market and market infrastructure.
- The draft Law «On Electric Power Industry» is under development stage.
A number of state programs for saving of energy resources and energy saving are being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Key measures include those related to control of spending of gas, electric power, cold and hot water. With this purpose, the Government has undertaken the resolution on compulsory installation of gas, cold and hot water meters.
Introduction of integrated computer systems of accounting of electric power consumption which ensure distance control of volume of energy consumed, timely and complete effect of payments, is planned at the enterprises of the SJSC «Uzbekenergo». More than 90 thousand modern power meters have already been installed, adjustment and test operation of automated power accounting systems at Navoi Thermoelectric Station, Tashkent Combined heat Power Station, Charvak Hydropower Station and others are being implemented; and introduction of local accounting systems among domestic consumers of certain districts of Tashkent City has already been started.
The Energy Saving Program of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Period up to 2010 determines main directions of energy saving measures (small cost, quickly recovering, with recoupment period of 3-4 and 5-7 years). Substantial savings of fuel and energy resources in the Republic of Uzbekistan as a whole is expected through conduction of such measures.
Need for Energy Saving Technologies
Uzbek economy is characterized by high level of energy intensity and production losses of fuel and energy resources at all stages of their production. Thus, index of energy intensity of GDP unit in 2000 was equal to 1.16 t.o.e. /USD 1000. (For comparison— in the USA this indicator amounts to 0.16). Huge energy saving potential implementation of which would contribute to stimulation of economic growth and reduction of ecological tension, has accumulated in the country. First of all, such implementation is based on organization of strict and effective accounting and control of spending of fuel and energy resources, as well as modernization and renewal of equipment in the spheres of energy production, transformation and transportation.
In order to determine potential opportunities for energy saving by each type of energy at enterprise level, it is necessary to develop a set of energy saving measures aimed at elimination of detected drawbacks and increase of effectiveness of energy use in certain sites, recommendations for introduction of metering and control devices at the enterprise, and the enterprise’s energy program. There is need for the following equipment and devices for implementation of said energy saving measures:
- Technologies for combining the production of thermal electric power
- Gas turbine devices (for combined heat power plants, boiler-rooms, etc.)
- Automated Energy Control and Metering System devices and equipment
- Energy saving illumination lamps for home use.
- Contact and non-contact thermometers
- Portable ultrasound flow-meters
- Gas velocity/spending meters, manometers/vacuum-gauges
- Recorders of quality and quantity of electric power consumed, optical readers of supply meter indicators
- Detector of smoke (soot) in combustion gases
- Consumed (discharged) water quality meters,
- Illumination, relativehumiditygages
- Electronic data storage (compatible with computer),
- Thermal imager for detection of heat losses through the equipment thermoinsulation
- Electronicgasanalyzers
- Ultrasoundfluidflow-meters
- Detectors of gas and steam leakages
- ACS (automatic control systems) for regulation of electric power consumption (controlled-velocity electric drive)
- Electricpowerqualitymeters
Ecological Situation in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is situated in the center of the Eurasian continent, and 80% of its territory consists of deserts and semi-deserts, including the Kyzylkums, the largest desert in Central Asia. From the south and south-east it is surrounded by Tien-Shan and Gyssar-Alay mountain systems characterized by high seismicity and occupy nearly 20$ of the country’s territory. Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, that flow into the Aral Sea and whose substantial part also is situated on the country’s territory, form the main water-ways. Rivers are mainly refilled on account of snow melting in the mountains situated in neighboring states. By flowing along the wide and flat plains the rivers allow intensive use of these plains for irrigated farming. In general, the country’s climate is subtropical, sharp continental with substantial seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations.
Specific features of natural and climatic conditions, placement and structure of production forces of Uzbekistan require payment of increased attention to ecology here. Thus, due to its geographical and climatic features, Uzbekistan is seriously affected by negative ecological factors, especially, due to fragility of arid ecosystems and scarcity of water resources. Arable lands whose area is fully irrigated form only 11% of the country’s total territory, and opportunities for their expansion are limited. This means that adverse impact of ecological factors is reflected on resources of agricultural lands. In addition, Uzbekistan is strongly dependent on neighboring countries in terms of water resources.
Among the environmental problems, the following are of highest importance for Uzbekistan’s territory:
- Aral Sea crisis
- Insufficient drinking water supply for population
- Pollution of surface and ground waters
- Salinity and degradation of soils
- Air pollution
- Accumulation of solid waste
- Pollution of foodstuffs
- Disturbance of ecosystems and their increased exposure to natural disasters and man’s impact
- Reduction of biodiversity
Uzbekistan’s economy as stability of its environment is strongly dependent on availability and quality of water resources. Analysis has detected three main problems related to water supply:
- lack of water resources which has become vital issue not only from the ecological standpoint, but also in socio-economic context (UNDP. Human Development Report, 1999. Uzbekistan 2000);
- increased water mineralization and salinity of agricultural lands;
- pollution of drinking water sources.
Summary
Excess diversion of water resources for economy’s and population’s needs, large-scale pollution of environment by production and domestic wastes are result of presence of resource-incentive productions (irrigated farming, large capacity chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy) and ineffective technologies within the sectoral structure. This leads to substantial over-expenditure per capita and per GDP unit. Thus, according to published data, actual water and natural gas consumption by population exceeds the established norms by 2-3 times and 1.5-2 times, respectively. In this connection, reduction of pressure on environment by means of modernization of energy- and resource-intensive productions, introduction of low-waste and wasteless technologies, ensuring of rational nature management is the priority direction of nature conservation activity. This will allow achieving the position when natural environment is not destroyed irreversibly but preserves its reproductive ability.
Insistent need for reforming the agriculture and industry and creating the effective stimuli for achievement of rational and sustainable use of natural resources has become imminent. Agricultural reforms and introduction of improved water resources management system should become the key to improvement of ecological situation in rural regions (EBRD. Strategy for Uzbekistan, 2003)
Environmental Protection (EP) Measures and Projects of Uzbekistan
A number of complex measures have been developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the EP, including the following:
- environmental legislation currently in force and National Action Plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Environmental Protection (NEPAP), ecological assessment and audit – legal basis for the EP;
- conduction of monitoring of environmental components and pollution sources – monitoring of environmental conditions. (The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan approved the Environmental Monitoring Program for 2003-2005 for implementation of which budgetary resources in amount of USD 5,986thousand and proceeds of the National Environmental Protection Fund in amount of USD 62.4 thousand were allocated)
- Hygienic and sanitary, and scientific and technical standards – they assist in assessment of environmental conditions;
- Set of technical, technological and organizational measures for prevention and reduction of hazardous emissions (discharges) to the environment;
- Control and inspection bodies that conduct direct control and protection of environment and are in charge of their compliance.
With the view of performing obligations under signed international Conventions and protocols of EP, the following is implemented in Uzbekistan:
National Programs:
- NationalProgramforTerminationofUseofOzone-DestroyingAgents
- Uzbekistan – CountryStudyofClimateChange
- National Action Plan for Fighting against Desertification
- National Strategy and Action Plan for Preservation of Biodiversity- West Tien-Shan Transboundary Biodiversity Preservation Project (based on the Global Ecological Fund grant in amount of USD 10 million. Executing agency – State Committee for Nature Protection)
- AralSeaBasinProject
- Joint TACIS-CEC Ecological Program for Resolving the Aral Sea Crisis
- NEPAP
Following EP projects have been implemented in Uzbekistan:
- Air Pollution Control at Industrial Enterprises (US Government grant in amount of USD 100 thousand)
- Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Health Project in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm Oblast (Loans by the KFAED and KredianstaltfurWiederaufbau)
- Tashkent Solid Waste Management Project (EBRD loan and Tashkent City Municipality)
UNDP projects:
- Assistance to Development of Biogas Technologies in Uzbekistan (UNDP and Tashkent Oblast Municipality)
- Development of Ecological Indicators System for Monitoring of Environmental Conditions in Uzbekistan
- Development of the National Strategy for Waste Management and the First Five-Year Action Plan in Uzbekistan
- Achievement of Ecosystem Stability on the Dry Bed of the Aral Sea and Kyzylkum Desert in Uzbekistan
Implementation of the following projects and works is anticipated in near future:
- Drainage, Irrigation and Wetlands Improvement Phase-I Project (World Bank)
- Reconstruction of Treatment Plants of the Djambay Milling and Meat-Packing Plants, Kattakurgan Fat-and-Oil Factory, Bulungur Winery
- Expansion of Biochemical Treatment Plants of the “Navoiazot” Production Association
- Construction of the Recycling Water Supply System at the Navoi Hydroelectric Power Station
- Gradual Reconstruction of Sewage System, Commissioning of the Third Phase of the Treatment Plants of Samarkand City.
Legislative Framework in the Area of Environmental Protection in Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan’s legislation in the sphere of environmental protection includes nearly 80 laws and resolutions which govern the use of natural resources and impact of economic activity on environment.
The following documents had been developed and adopted: National Sustainable Development Strategy and National Action Plan for Environmental Protection. In addition, within the framework of international conventions Uzbekistan has also developed the National Action Plan for Combat Desertification, First National Report on UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation.
Statutory acts on EP:
- Law “On Rational Use of Energy “ (1997);
- Law “On Protection and Use of Flora” (1997);
- Law “On Specifically Protected Natural Territories” (1993);
- Law “On Radiation Safety” (2000);
- Law “On Forest” (1999);
- Law “On Ecological Assessment” (2000);
- Law “On Protection and Use of Fauna” (1997);
- Law “On Nature Protection” (1992);
- Law “On Water and Water Use” (1993)
- Law “On Waste Products” (2002)
- Order of Calculation and Payment of Fee for Emission (Discharge” of Polluting Agents into the Environment and Placement of Waste Products on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Budget (2000);
- Resolution #469 dated October 20, 1999 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan ”On the Program for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1999-2005”
- Resolution #389 dated October 9, 2000 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Issues of Implementation of the Action Plan for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1999-2005”
State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Interdepartmental Steering Committee as well as a number of other competent bodies in charge of monitoring and improvement of ecological situation in the country have been established and are actively functioning.
State Strategy and Support of Nature Conservation Activity
The following are the main directions of the strategy for rational nature management and rehabilitation of destroyed ecosystems with the view of creation of conditions for the country’s sustainable development:
- Improvement and development of economic mechanism of nature management with adequate institutional support (improvement of standards and norms, ecological control, assessment, legislation, introduction of ecological audit, etc.);
- State regulation of nature management under market conditions, search for compromises between the requirements of economic growth and ecology;
- Stimulation of nature conservation activity based on the purposeful tax and budgetary policies;
- Creation of healthy environment for people’s habitation;
- Development of systems of natural complexes of recreational and resort and health purposes;
- Prevention and reduction of hazardous impact of natural phenomena, technological accidents and catastrophes;
- Recovery (rehabilitation) of disturbed ecosystems in bad regions of the country;
- Resolution of global ecological problems (conservation of biodiversity, protection of ozone layer, Aral Sea).
Introduction of economical mechanism into nature management is the main tool pf economic measures for ensuring the rational use of natural resources and nature protection.
At present creation of a comprehensive system of economic management and regulation of nature management has been started in the country. Fees for excess environmental pollution – excess emissions, discharges of polluting agents and placement of waste products had been introduced. Thus, effective from May 1, 2003 compensation payments for environmental pollution and waste placement on the country’s territory have been introduced.
Local and national extra-budgetary funds for nature protection have been established.
Legal and physical entities engaged in development and introduction of technologies aimed at reduction of waste generation and their utilization, establishment of enterprises and shops for production of equipment for waste recycling, participation in financing of measures for waste recycling and reduction of their generation, enjoy privileges in accordance with legislation.
Measures for waste recycling and reduction their generation are financed on account of waste owners. Proceeds of nature protection funds, extra-budgetary funds, voluntary contributions of legal and physical entities as well as proceeds of the State budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan may be attracted for financing of such measures (from the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Waste Products” (2002)
Existing principles of the EP policy and incentives for creation and support of nature management activity both at national and enterprise level require introduction and use of the following types of modern technologies and equipment:
- Water saving technologies
- Advanced water treatment technologies
- Biologicaldrainagetechnologies
- Technologiesandequipmentforindustrialanddomesticwastecollection, processingandrecycling
- Ecologicalcontrolanddiagnosticsdevicesandsystems
- Energy and resource saving, low waste and non-waste technologies
Exhibition will be presented by following sectors:
1. Energy installations:
- Diesel, gas-turbine, gas generator plants
- Combined
- Heating pumps
- Based on new principles of power production
- Thermo power plant
2. Energy saving:
- Energy saving technologies, equipment and materials for industry and civil objects, in engineering system and building
- Energy resources recording devices and systems
- Energy audit
- ASCRE (automatic systems for commercial recording of energy)
- Energy saving and resources saving pollution free technologies
3. Electric power conversion and storage:
- Accumulator, electric battery and elements
- Power plants
- Power transformers
- Double-current generator
- Distribution, electric & heating power transmission: high & low voltage gears
- Pipe lines and fixtures. Cable-conducting production. Complex transformer substation , dielectrics
4. Environment protection:
- Ecological control and diagnostic devices and systems
- Industry and domestic wastes treatment and processing
- Environment monitoring and audit
- Energy saving and resources saving pollution free technologies
5. Renewable power recourses:
Small hydro energy
- Turbines and generators for small and micro hydroelectric power stations
Solar power:
- Photoelectric converters and power supply systems
- Solar panels, heating systems & hot-water supply on its base
Wind power:
- Autonomic, net and combined wind mills, supporting equipment
Geothermal power and heating pumps:
- Geothermal heating power stations
- Heating pumps and installations
Biomass energy:
- Bio fuel producing and environmental free organic fertilizers producing installations
- Biogas and bio energy modules and installations
New technologies and equipment for renewable and small energy
Official support:
Exhibition is officially supported by:
• Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan
• “Uzbekenergo” SJSC
• Ministry of the agriculture and water management of the Republic of Uzbekistan
• NHC “Uzbekneftegaz”
Datum uveřejnění: 16.10.2006
Poslední změna: 16.10.2006
Počet shlédnutí: 2072